Riaz, Dr. Muhammad. “Communication Features of Civic State of Madina: مدینہ کی شہری ریاست کے ابلاغی خدوخال”. The Islamic Culture "As-Saqafat-ul Islamia" الثقافة الإسلامية - Research Journal - Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Karachi, no. 36 (March 29, 2019): 84–94. Accessed January 31, 2026. http://www.theislamicculture.com/index.php/tis/article/view/559.